![]() Sawa and his team from Osaka University received approval to implant iPSC-derived cardiac cell sheet onto three heart failure patients. Takahaski reported that the patient is recovering well, and that they plan to treat a further 6 patients if no complications arise. This was the first clinical trial employing iPSCs to treat Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, Professor Takahashi and colleagues from Kyoto University/CiRA successfully implanted iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons into the brain of a Parkinson’s patient. As a result, further macular degeneration was not observed and the patient reported improved vision. In 2014, RIKEN carried out the first clinical trial of iPSC transplantation by transplanting iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells to treat macular degeneration. Keio University, CiRA, RIKEN, and Osaka University play roles as clinical application research centers, which aim to promote iPSC-based cell therapy. To facilitate iPSC-based research and clinical therapies in Japan, CiRA was selected as the main center to conduct “iPSC stock development projects for regenerative medicine”. The use of iPSCs in regenerative medicine provides an exciting opportunity for the clinical translation of this technology, whereby patient-specific iPSCs are generated for autologous transplantation to repair or replace injured tissues. In recent years, researchers have taken iPSCs from the lab to the clinic. 2018 which reviewed the current drug screening studies for human diseases using iPSCs. Further information can be found in Leitt et al. ![]() Many other drug screening studies can be found for diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, to name a few. The researchers showed that this could be corrected by a potassium channel agonist already approved by the FDA allowing the drug to go directly into phase II clinical trials for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis without the need for animal studies. ![]() Recently, it was shown that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient iPSC-derived motor neurons displayed hyperexcitability and reduced survival in culture. Thus, iPSCs from both healthy and diseased patients are gaining traction as the preferred cell of choice for drug screening and toxicity studies. This not only greatly reduces the number of animals used in drug screening studies but also improves the success rates in clinical trials. Using human iPSCs for drug screening avoids cross-species differences before they are taken to clinical trials. This is, in part, due to the use of animal models for drug screening which poorly replicate the human system. It is estimated that 27, 14 and 7% of drugs fail in clinical trials due to adverse effects on the heart, liver and central/peripheral nervous systems, respectively. Multiple diseased iPSC lines have been generated allowing the study of human disease phenotypes which are currently difficult to obtain in animal models, making iPSCs an attractive option for use in drug screening and toxicity studies, drug development, human disease modeling, personalized medicine, and cell-based therapy. The self-renewal property of iPSCs in culture allows for extensive studies employing donor-derived, healthy and diseased cell lines. Then, we provide a comprehensive review of the state of the major existing iPSC banks worldwide and the current barriers being faced in the field of iPSC banking. First, we briefly review the applications of iPSCs and summarize their generation, characterization and quality control. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of the current iPSC banks worldwide. Therefore, there is a need for cell banks which provide high-quality iPSCs to researchers who would otherwise be unable to generate and characterize these cells in their own labs. Unfortunately, however, the high cost of generating and validating iPSCs hinders their use by many researchers. Due to these characteristics, iPSCs hold great promise for use in biomedical research and development. Obtaining such cells is a major hurdle when employing primary, patient-derived disease-affected cell types, which represent the ‘gold standard’ for disease modeling. Furthermore, the development of iPSC technology allows for an almost unlimited amount of either healthy or disease-specific human pluripotent stem cells. In culture, iPSCs are able to self-renew and differentiate into any cell type from all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), and importantly, use of iPSCs avoids the ethical issues associated with embryonic stem cells. Since the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues in 2006, there has been an ever-growing interest in exploiting the full potential of these extraordinary cells.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |